Pressure pump



May 25, 1937- yc. J. coBERLY ET AL I ,2,081,224

PRESSURE` PUMP Filed oct. e', 1954 4 `s sheets-sheet 1 May 25 1937- C. J. Coal-:RLY ET AL 2,081,224

` y FRESSURE PUMP Filed Oct. 8, 1954 5 Sheets-Sheen*l 2 barema May 25, 1937 massoni-z rmvn Clarence J. Coberly, Los Angeles, and Clyde F.

Hanson', Maywood, Calif., assignors to RoKo Corporation,Y Reno, Nev.,. a corporation of Nevada Application October `il, 1934,'Serial No. 747,344

1 claim. (c1. 10s-15s) A proved means whereby the capacity of the pump This application is a continuation-impart of our copending application, Serial No. 654,432, filed January 31, 1933, for High pressure pump,

v and relates to the same subject matter, it be ingl a principal object of the invention to provide a high pressure pump in lwhich an increased operating efficiency is attained.

The high pressure pumps known to us have lowA efficiency, andv most of them need constant. attention and frequent repair. We have produced a pump-which will operate at pressures ranging frm4000 to 6000 pounds at high efficiencies and for long periods of time .without need of attention. We have produced this pump as a result of-inventive conception of means-'for overcoming the faults of the types of high pressure pumps now known to the pumping arts.

We believe that the principles of design now "i accepted include the idea that `a nearly perfect of eiiiciency by Iwaste.

seal should be maintained between the piston and the cylinder of a pump to prevent leakage of fluid around the piston and therefore loss One of our `'conceptions is that by providing a definite clearance between the piston and the cylinder the reduction in friction between these two parts will result lna 4gain in elflciency which will more than offset 'the lossrepresented in the fluid which leaks past the piston in the cylinder. In conjunction with the foregoing, we have provided means for preventing the leakage fluid from entering the crankcase of the pumpingmechanism and have .accordingly avoid/ed the'possibility of dilution or contamination of the lubricant in the crankcase. These two elements employed in conjunction have materially contributed to the revsuit of producing a highpressure pump having anfefilciency often as 4high as 95% and being vcapable of continuous operation for a long period 40 of .time due to the minimized Wear 'between its .various parts. ...This is an important advance in high pressure pumps, that is, the pumping of M fluids 'at 'pressures around or above 4000 pounds per,squarejinchyespeclally when packed pumps t similarly usedhav'e an emciency ranging from 501%? to"l0%.. The saving in pumping cost over the cost of .pumping fluids under high pressures by .old types of equipment is so large as to assumera position of material importance to the fart;v The vforegoing are not merely laudatory I 'state'x'nents but are vbelieved to be statements of fact lwhich must be presented if the invention isv tobe fully understood inall of its aspects.A

.l Anobject ofouru 4present invention is to prob5 vide'linvla pump of the above character an immay be readily changed without material change in the speed of operation of the pistons, and in which pump a new and improved means for pre venting passage of leakage fluid from the cylinders to the crarikcase or the power mechanism a high pressurel pump comprising a cylinder with a piston operating therein, a crankcase having power means, and a chamber between the cylinder and the crankcase for receiving the leakage from the cylinder, together with means for pumping this leakage fluid from the chamber,

so that no pressure can build up therein to force leakage fluid into the crackcase.

Further objects and advantages of the invention will be brought out in the following part of the specification.

Referring to the drawings:

Fig, 1 is a partly sectioned end elevation of a preferred form ofv our invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section to reduced scale taken-as--indicated by thelinei-z of Fig. 1.v

Fig.3 is an elevational view of the rightward end of Fig. 2 with. the power unit ofthe device removed.

Fig. 4 is a horizontally sectioned view taken on l theline4- 4ofFig.2. Fig. '5'is a fragmentary section taken as indicated by the line 5-5 of Fig. 1. l

Fig. 6 is an enlarged fragmentary section through the pressure reliefvalve of the device,

- taken on the plane represented by the line 6 0 ofFlg.1. W.

Fig. 7 is a slightly enlarged sectional view on a plane represented bythe line 1-1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 8 is an emerged cross-sectional view taken as'indicated by thev line 8-8 of Fig. 2.

Fig.' 9 is a fragmentary section on a plane represented by the line 9-0 of Fig. 2, showing the oil Jets for 'lubricating the cross-heads. Fig. 10 is an enlarged sectional view thro the damping valve of thedevice.

'The preferred form of our pump, as disclosed in the drawings, includes a crankcase II which is spaced from a cylinder block I2 by a hollow member I3, the parts II, I2, and I3 being secured together by means of bolts I4. The block I2 has three vertical bores I8 which are ldiametrally reduced at'their upper ends 20 and communicate with three lateral openings 2|. In the main or large portion of each bore I8 below the diametrally restricted upper end thereof is a replaceable liner 23 which slides readily into the bore I8 and has a flange 24 near its lower end adapted to slide into a. counterbore 25 formed at the lower end of the bore I8 and to be therein held against a packing ring 26 by means of a sleeve 21 which is threaded into the lower portion of the counteri bore 25. The piston 28 is made from an accurately ground metal bar, and the lower end there- I bers 28 and 3|.

The lower wall 35 of the member I3 has openings 38 therein through which the cross-head stem 3| reciprocates, and disposed in each of the openings 36 is a packing means 31 adapted to wipe the shaft or stem 3|. On the upper portion of each stem 3| a dripper plate 38 is secured. 'I'his dripper plate is preferably secured between the ends of the associated piston 28 and crosshead stems 3| and comprises a plate with downwardly turned edge portions, such plate being of such diameter that the leakage fluid which passes down around the piston 28 through its surrounding cylinder insert 23 will be deflected laterally outwardly when it reaches a dripper plate 38 and will drip from the edges thereof into drainage channels 40 formed in the bottom wall 35 of the hollow body I3. The mechanism within the crankcase II comprises bearings and gears which are accurately made and fitted and which will operate with a minimum resistance and for a long period of time if kept properly lubricated and free from abrasive substances. By use of the dripper plates within the chamber 38 and drainage channels 40, together with means for removing from the drainage channels the leakage uid which has dripped thereinto from the dripper plates 38, we are able to completely prevent the entrance of leakage uid into the crankcase and thereby avoid all possibility of thin- Vning of the lubricant carried in the crankcase and of contamination of the crankcase lubricant by such abrasive substances as may be carried by the leakage fluid. Under these conditions it is found that the mechanism within the crankcase gives efficient and long service.

The crankcase I| has end walls 44 and 45 equipped with annular bearing-receiving walls 46 and 41 in which bearings for a crank-shaft l48 are supported. On the leftward end of the crank-shaft 48 a heavy ball bearing 58 is emp1oyed. On the rightward end of the crank-shaft 48 a roller type bearing 5I is used. On the crank pins 52 of the shaft 48, connecting rods 53 are mounted, each of which extends upwardly to a cross-head 54 operating in a cross-head guide 55 substantially in vertical alignment with a bore 38 of the body I3. The upper ends of the con-A necting rods 53 engage tubular wrist pins 56 which are set transversely in the cross-heads 54 and are secured by screws 51 which project upwardly through the lower end walls of the wrist pins and are held against displacement by securing Wires 58 tied through holes in the upper ends of the screws 51. 'I'he stems 3| of the cross-heads 54 may be integrally formed therewith, as shown.

As shown in Figs. l and 5, a horizontal passage is formed in the block I2 below the planes of the lateral passages 2| and adjacent the upper ends of the bores I8 lto provide a fluid inlet passage for the pump into whichA fluid to be pumped may be conducted through piping 66 secured to the rightward end of the block I2 by a flange 61. Connecting each of the lateral passages 2| with the passage 65 is an opening 68 which is outwardly flared at its upper portion to provide a seat 10 for a replaceable valve seat 1| forming part of a valve unit 12 which further includes a closure member in the form of a steel ball 13 and means for resiliently holding the ball 13 in engagement with the seat 1I, such means comprising a spring 14 and a tubular member 15 which is slidably received in a vertical, downwardly facing recess 16, of a threaded member 11, there being four downwardly extending legs 18 on the lower end of the tubular member 15, the lower ends of which legs are curved to fit the upper face of the ball 13 so that when the spring 14 holds the member 15 downwardly, the engagement of the legs 18 with the ball 13 will resist lateral movement of the ball 13 when it is raised from the seat 1|. The members 11 screw into threaded openings which are vertically aligned with the valve seat 1| and accordingly provide removable vertical guides for the ballretaining means represented by the members 15.

A high pressure discharge passage 8| for the pump is drilled longitudinally in the block I2 above the plane of the lateral passages 2| and rearwardly with respect to the inlet passage 65, or to the left of the block I2 as shown in Fig. l. As further shown in Figs. 1 and 42, vertical openings 68a connect the leftward ends of the passages 2| with the passage 8|, and above the openings 68a threaded openings 88a are extended from the passage 8| to the upper end of the block I2. In the openings 68a and 80a valve units 12 are operatively secured so as to prevent reverse ilow of fluid under pressure from the passage 8| into the lateral passages 2|. One end of the passage 8| is connected through a flange fitting 83 with piping 84 for carrying the fluid under pressure to a desired point ofl utility. The end of the passage 8| opposite the fitting 83 is connected through a pipe 85 with a pressure gauge 86 which may be conveniently secured to the front face of the block |2. An intermediate portion of the passage 8| connects through an opening 81 with a. pressure relief valve 88 secured to the rearward face of the block I2.

As shown in Figs.'1 and 6, the relief valve 88 includes a cylindrical body 9| having laterally projecting anges 92 formed thereon through which bolts may be passed to secure the device 88 to the rear face oi the block I2. The cylindrical body 9| has a downwardly facing recess 93 which is threaded at 94 to receive a downwardly extending cylindrical shell 95 .hav-

ing a lower end wall 96 with an opening 91 there-V vvents turning of the shaft 98 except by use of theproper wrench therefor.' The shaft 98 has compressor |04 having aflange |05 equipped with projections |06 engaging vertical guide grooves |||14 in' the interior Wall of the shell 95. Supported on the 'flange |05 is a spring |08, the

`upper end of which engages a circular plate `||0 having a central opening adapted to recelve the downwardly projecting cylindrical stem ||2 Vof a conical valve member H8. The conical valve member I |8 engages a tubular seat member ||4 which threads into an opening ||5 extending upwardly from the recess 93. The upper end of the opening ||5 c'onnects with the opening v8'I, Fig. 1, through a downwardly sloping passage H6. From the upper part of the recess 98, to one side of the opening ||5, a passage ||1 extends 'through a vertical wall ||8 into communicatlonwith the upper face of a ange formed at the upper 'end -oi the wall H8, to which flange piping |20a may be attached for carrying oil' the fluid' which is forcedfrom the passage 8| of the pump past the pressure-retained valve i element I3 into the recess 98 and the interior.

of' the shell 85. A`gasket |2| 'may be placed between the ange |02 of the member 98 and the wall 96 to prevent leakage of fluid through th opening 91 in the lower end of the shell 95. The adjustment of the -pressure relief. valve mechanism may be readily accomplished by rotating the shaft 98 so as to screw the spring compressor upwardly or downwardly, thereby suitablychanging the pressure with-which the valve element ||8 engages the seat ||4.

Means are .provided for releasing the fluid pressure from the .discharge passage 8| oi' the pump and the discharge piping 84v and to con- Vlo duct the fluid or liquid which is removed in so doing into the return piping |20a which is shown leading to the reservoir 48 for the pumped fluid. An important use of our invention is at vpresent in conjunction with fluid 'operated' deep well pumps wherein oil is pumped under a'high pres- 1 sure to a fluid operated pump situated in an .oil

well. When it is 'desired to disconnect the pressure piping which leads down 'through the well to the pump therein. the high fluid pressure A must be relieved.- This, "o f course.,.may be done by cracking one of the joints so that the oil may be forced therefrom, but such practice is wasteful and generally results in spilling oil on the dei'- rick floor. We provide means in conjunction with the pressure relief valve for releasing u'id from the high pressure passage of the pump-and-frcm the pressure fluid delivery piping into the piping which leads to the oil reservoir, thereby avoiding the above noted unsatisfactory conditions.v To' accomplish this, a. .hole u 1s armed upwardly from the space 98 within the body 8| to meet a.

threaded opening 42. the inner end of which connects with an .opening 44 leading into the sloping passage ||6. The rightwardendl of the screw 48 is conicaliy ppinted and is normally held, as

shown in Fig. 6, in a position to close the opening j 44. When the screw 48 is rotated so that it will move outwardly or. leftwardly,'the passage 44 will connect with the .passage 4|, and fluid under pressure will drain through the sloping passage ||6 from the passage 8| and also from the preasure piping. which is connected thereto. Pack'- ing means 45a is provided around the screw 48,

and this is compressed so as toproduce a tight f seal by means. of 4a threaded'sleeve 42a having a recess 48a thereinfor access to the squared end /44a of the screw 48by `use of a suitably formed with a cover plate |24 secured to the annular.

wall 46 which* holds thev bearing 50. As shown in Figs. 2 and '7, the plate |24 isl provided'wlth a leftwardly or outwardly extending boss |25 having a pair of overlapped circular recesses |26 and |121 therein', the recess |26 being aligned with the axis of rotation of the crank-shaft 48. AA

pump gear |28 of spur type operates in the re'- cess |26 and has a shaft portion |80 extending therefrom through an opening |8| ln the cover plate |24 into driving engagement with an open.'

lng |82 i n the cranklsliaft 48. In the recess '|21 is a gear |34 which meshes .with the gear'- |28 and rotates on an axle |85, they outer end of which is seated in 'a pocket |86 in a circular plate |81 which l"is secured .to the boss in position tol cover the recesses |26 and |21. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the plate |31 has a laterally extending thereon in which openings |40`and |4| are bored inradial direction, and the inner ends of these openings |40 and |4| are vconnected with the lnner face of the plate |81 through holes |42 and Aand outwardly projecting metal body |88 formed |48 which are .respectively positioned so as to communicate with the spaces` |44 and |45, Fig. 7, which are' respectively the intake and discharge passages of the gear pump when the gear |28 is rotated in the direction of the arrow |46 of Fig. '7.

By use of fittings 41, a pipe |48 connects the channel with the opening |40, Fig. 1, and a pipe |50 connects the opening |4| with the re- 'cess or chamber 98 of the pressure relief valve 88; accordingly. whenever the device is in operation, the leakage from the pistons and cylinders accumulating in the channels 40 drains through 'the pipe |48 into the opening |40 and is conducted through the opening 42 into the space |44 of the gear pump |23 and is delivered therefrom under pressure through the openings |48 'and |4| and the pipe |50 into the space 98 in the pressure relief" valve, from which space 88 vit is conducted through the outlet passage ||1 to piping which may be connected to the flange |20` so asto befrom there carried into a fluid supply tank or other means of disposal. 'Ihe piston and' cylinder leakage is accordingly kept from entering the crankcase |I.v In the opening I4| `a. check valve may be employed in the form oi' a ball |52 held in closure position by 'a The fittings |41 are of simple construction and are of such character that the pipes |48 and |50 may be readily removed whenever it is de 'l 'sired to dismantle the parts of the pump, and

extends into communication with the peripheral channel |58 of the bar |54. To this projection |64 an interconnecting pipe, such as the pipe |48, may be welded so that the block |60 of the connecting means then becomes the end part of the pipe |48. By removing the nut |63, removalof the block. |60 from the projecting portion of the bar |54 is permitted, and reassemblymf these parts may be readily accomplished by placing the block on the projecting bar or stem |54 between the gaskets |6| and |62 and then replacing the nut |63.

In Fig. 3 the pipe 85 is shown connected to the high pressure passage 8| of -the pump and to the pressure gauge 86 by use of connecting devices I'41a.- Each of the connecting devices |41a is constructed so as to provide a iiow restricting or damper valvefor damping the pulsations in the -high pressure uid which passes through the piping 85 to the gauge 86. As shown in Fig; l0, this damping valve is simply formed by providing the tting |41a with a threaded bar or stem 54a similar in external form to the member |54 of Fig. 1. This member |54a is provided with a small diametered axial opening |56a which connects with an axial opening |56b which is threaded t receive a needle pin |49 adapted to act as a closure or flow restricting means for the outer end of the passage |56a. From the'inner end of the passage |56b diagonal ports |51a are extended outwardly -so as to connect with an annular space |58a which is formedl within a block |60a and communicates with the piping 86 extending to the pressure gauge 86. The outer portion of the valve pin |49 is provided with packing means |59, and the outer extremity of the pin |49 may have a screw-driver slot |59a by which it may be adjusted.

The tting |41'a'is similar to the fittings |41 previously described but diiers from them by/ having the nut |63 formed integral with the outer end of the bar member |54 instead of separate therefrom.

In Fig. 2 the gear case |5 and the cover |6 therefor enclose a space in which reduction gears are operatively held. Keyed to the rightwardly projecting end |10 of the crank-shaft 48 is a gear 1| adapted to be driven by a pinion |12 formed on a shaft |13 which is carried in a ball bearing |14 mounted in the outer face of the wall 45, and a bearing |15 mounted in a recess |16 in the inner face of the gear case cover member |6. On the rightward portion of the shaft |13 a gear |11 is mounted, adapted to be driven by a small pinion |18 secured to the end of a motor shaft which projects into the gear case cover I6 through an opening |8| which is counterbored at its outer end to provide an annular bearing recess |82 to receive a ball bearing |83 for the motor shaft |80. The gear case cover I6 has a disc-shaped wall |84 providing a circular lip |85 for engaging the cylindrical frame or case |86 of a motor |81,

the wall |84 forming the leftward end'bell or endv wall of the motor |81 when the frame |86 thereof is secured against the wall |84 by bolts |88 which pass through openings |90 of Fig. 3. Feet |89 for the rightward end of the pumping device may be conveniently formed on the gear case cover I6, and feet |9| for the leftward end of the pumping device may be cast on the crankcase The opening |8| in the gear case cover 6 is of such size that the pinion |18 will readily pass therethrough, thereby making it possible to remove the motor |81, itsv armature, its shaft |80, and the pinion |18. The power of the motor |81 may be varied by changing the length of the eld and armature; accordingly, where the pump is intended for light duty, a relatively shortmotor, as indicated by dotted lines |92, may be mounted thereon. The changing ofthe power unit of the vpumping device may be accomplished without' disturbing the gears in the gear case |5 other than by the removal and replacement of the pinion |18. A

The means for lubricating the mechanism within the crankcase are shown in Figs. 2, 8, and 9. The bearings 50 and 5| and the crank pins 52 are lubricated by the fact that they operate partly submerged in the body of lubricating oil which is placed in the crankcase 'I'he gear |1| also passes through this body of oil and carries quantities of the oil to the pinion |12. Between the cover plate |24 and the leftward end of the crankcase Il and the leftward face of the bearing 50 an oil pump 200 lis held. This oil pump comprises a circular plate 20| through which the shaft member |30 extends. Near the rightward end of this shaft member |30 is a gear 202 which operates in arecess 203 formed in the leftward face of the plate 20|. A second gear 204 operates in the recess 203 in engagement with the gear 202 and cooperates therewith to form a gear pump. The lower portion of the plate 20| has an opening 205 therein through which oil from the crankcase may pass to the lower end of a vertical slot or passage 206 formed in the lower inner face of the cover plate |24 to carry the lubricating oil upwardly to the inlet zone 201 of the gear pump formed by the gears 202 and 204. Extending upwardly in the inner face of the cover plate |24 from the discharge or outlet zone 208, shown in Fig. 8, is a discharge passage 209 which connects at its upper end to a hole 2|| drilled inwardly in the crankcase as shown in Fig. 2, to meet the lower end of a vertical hole 2|2, the upper end of which connects with a groove 2|8 formed in the upper face of the crankcase When the pumping device is in operation, the gear 202 rotates in anticlock wise direction, as shown in Fig. 8, and lubricating oil is pumped from the crankcase under pressure to the oil passage consisting of the holes 2|| and 2|2 and the channel 2|3.

As shown in Fig. 9, small openings 2|5 are drilled through the inner bead or wall portion 2|6 defining the inner wall of the oil passage 2|3 in the upper part of the crankcase for discharge of streams of oil to lubricate the crosshead stems 3| and the cross-head bearings 56. As indicated by an arrow 2|1 in Fig. 9, a small stream of oil is discharged against one side of each of the cross-head stems 3| so as to lubricate the same. This oil collects in the depressions 2|8 formed in the upper faces of the cross-heads 54, and a portion of the same passes through diagonal openings in the upper parts of the cross-heads, as shown at 2|9, to the oil opening 220 at the upper end of each connecting rod 53. As shown in Fig. 2, an opening 22| is drilled downwardly from the rightward portion of the oil channel 2|3 to meet an opening 222 which extends laterally in the gear case I5 which connects with an opening 223 in the upper wall of the gear case cover I6. From the leftward end of the opening 222 a small hole 224 is drilled downwardly to discharge oil to the inner face of the bearing |14 which supports the leftward end of the shaft |13. and an opening 225 is placed so as to discharge oil downwardly along the rightward face of the bearing |14. In the wall of the gear case I6 a small opening 226 is drilled in a position to discharge oil against the gear |11vso that the teeth of this gear and of the pinion |18 will be lubricated. An opening 221 is drilled so as to discharge oil from the passage 223 in such a manner that a stream of oil will be delivered to the bearing IE which supports the rightward end of the shaft |13.

The pumping device hereinbefore described will operate for long periods of time without attention, for the reason that the parts thereof 'Y are adapted to operate' with a minimum offriction and wear. The yfriction between the pistons 28 and the cylinder members 23 is minimized by making these parts so that there will be an actual clearance therebetween instead of employing a seal such as packing which will bear vwith pressure and consequently friction against the faces of the'pistons 28. A slight leakage of oil past the pistons is intended, and to prevent this leakage fluid from contaminating the oil in the crankcase or from otherwise producing wear of the mechanical operating parts, means are provided for positively preventing the entry of leakage fluid into the crankcase and also for preventing contact of the leakage iiuid with the.

cross-head stems 3|. As previously described herein, this result is produced by use of dripper plates 38 and by means which will positively remove the leakage fluid from the channels 40 in the lower portion ofthe hollow body I3 lso that the leakage iiuid will not accumulate in the hollow body I3 so as to engage the cross-head stems. Accordingly, the cross-head stems 3| cannot operate to carry contaminating leakage uid tance to the invention is that the capacity of the pump may be' varied within reasonable limits without the necessity of making expensive parts to replace those parts shown. The pistons 28 are of extremely simple form and are attached to the upper ends of thecross-head stems 3| in a simple manner. Should it be desired to reduce the capacity of the pumping device Without a change in the speed of operation. or vice versa, the pistons 28 may be replaced by pistons of suitable diameter, andthe cylinder members 23 may be replaced by others of a size to cooperate with the new pistons 28. Also, should a change in the pressure of the pumped fluid be desired, the motor |86 may be readily replaced by one of desired capacity, as previously explained. Y

Although we have herein shown and described our invention in simple and practical form, it is recognized that certainparts or elements thereof are representative of other parts, elements, or mechanisms which may be used in substantially the same manner to accomplish substantially the same results; therefore, it is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the de-- tails disclosed herein but is to be accorded the full scope of the following claim.

We claim as our. invention:

A high pressure pump of the character described, including: a power mechanism having a cross-head reciprocating vertically Aand a stem projecting upwardly from said cross-head; a cylinder block having a bore facing downwardly toward said stem; a wall dening a space between said bore and said power mechanism having an opening through which said stem passes; a piston extending from the upper end of said stem into said bore; a cylindrical liner in said bore to receive said piston. said liner having an external diameter less than the diameter of said boreso as to be laterally adjustable to align with said piston, and said piston being of such smaller diameter than the bore of said liner as to cause a definite ow of iiuid through said liner into said space whereby to produce a free movement of said piston in said liner; means for holding said liner in said bore: a dripper plate on said stem above said opening for preventing passage of said iluid from said bore onto the por- ;tion of said stem which passes through said Space.

CLARENCE J. COBERLY. CLYDE F. HANSON. 

